Why does so much ancient Greek art feature males with small genitalia?Q2s财富国际

为什么这么多古希腊艺术作品中的男性都长着小鸡鸡？Q2s财富国际

December 9, 2005Q2s财富国际

Dear Cecil:Q2s财富国际

Why is it that ancient Greek and Roman paintings, sculptures, and other works of art depict males with such small genitalia? My first thought was that the artists wished to draw the viewer's attention to other, more important, aspects of the work. However, my roommate has pointed out that this treatment has the opposite effect. I really don't think evolution has treated us as kindly as this artwork might lead us to believe. So why the small penises?Q2s财富国际

— Phil, Los AngelesQ2s财富国际

亲爱的Cecil:Q2s财富国际

为什么古希腊和罗马的绘画，雕塑及其他作品中给男性描绘了如此小的阴茎？我第一个念头是艺术家们希望把观众的注意力转移到作品的其他方面。但，我的室友指出这种努力正好取到了相反的效果。我真的不觉得进化居然会如此优待我们，就像这些作品试图让我们相信的一样。所以这些小鸡鸡是怎么回事？Q2s财富国际

— Phil, 洛杉矶Q2s财富国际

Phil, it's time we had a little talk about the Greeks.Q2s财富国际

Phil，是时候让我们来谈谈希腊人了。Q2s财富国际

You remember the Greeks. They were the guys (and it was mostly guys--women at the time were mainly relegated to childbearing and housekeeping or sex objecthood, and were seldom heard from) who pretty much invented what we now think of as Western civilization. Their ideas about culture and society, which the Romans copied, influence us to this day. The Greeks also . . . well, we'll get into a discussion of Greek sexual preferences some other time. For now let's just say they were fascinated by male beauty, and in particular by (ahem) the penis.Q2s财富国际

你记得希腊人吧。他们这些男人（通常是男人——女人在那个时代通常得抚养孩子，照料家事，在性方面通常是被物化的对象，而且很少被提及）创造了我们如今称作西方文明的东西。他们关于文化和社会的理念，这些被罗马人所复制的观念，影响我们至今。希腊人同时也…嗯，我们回头再聊关于希腊人的性取向。现在我们只谈谈他们痴迷的男性之美，特别是，（嗯哼）阴茎。Q2s财富国际

The Greeks weren't shy about displaying their manly attributes. Nudity was celebrated in Greece as in no culture before or since. We're so used to nude classical sculpture and painting that we figure that's how everybody walked around back in those days. In fact, however, male nudity in art and among athletes and warriors was largely confined to the ancient Greeks, for whom it became a point of pride--they considered embarrassment at having to disrobe for sports a sign of barbarism. Admiration of the manly form at times verged on the cultlike; the more heroic bits of male sculpture, small penis or no, have an erotic charge that can make even a straight male sweat. Naked women were depicted too, but less often, and you sometimes get the feeling the artist's heart wasn't in it.Q2s财富国际

希腊人对于展现自身的男性特征从不羞涩。在希腊此前和之后的文化中，裸体从未如此盛名昭著。我们是如此习惯于裸体的古典雕塑作品和绘画，以至于我们觉得在过去人们都是如此闲庭信步的。但事实上，艺术作品中的裸体，以及裸体的田径运动员和战士大部分局限在古希腊，这些后来被认为是古希腊的荣耀之一——古希腊人觉得在需要脱掉衣服参与运动时感到尴尬，是野蛮人的标志。对男性身体的赞美逐渐变成了一种邪典般的迷恋；男性雕塑越英伟，不管鸡鸡大还是小，都会造成一种撩人的性欲，让即使一个直男也会脸红心跳。通常也刻画裸体的女性，但不是这么常见，而且你有时会觉得那艺术家根本没在上面花心思。Q2s财富国际

The penis shows up in Greek art a lot--big ones as well as small ones. For example, there's the temple of Dionysus on the island of Delos, which features giant stone penises carved in the third century BC. Decapitated now, they're still impressively scaled and in a state of salute. (The academic term describing this condition, incidentally, is ithyphallic.)Q2s财富国际

希腊艺术中的鸡鸡很多——有大有小。举个例子，提洛岛上有一个狄俄尼索斯（酒神）的神庙，雕刻于公元前三世纪，里边展示着很多石头阴茎。即使被剁掉了龟头，它们仍有着令人印象深刻的尺寸，而且依然保持着敬礼的姿态。（顺便一说，有个学术化的短语用来描述这种状态，叫ithyphallic。）Q2s财富国际

Sculptural depictions of the erect penis were an everyday sight in the classical world. A common boundary marker and household totem in ancient Greece was the herm, originally a representation of the god Hermes. It consisted of a head on top of a simple squarish pillar--your basic supersized Pez dispenser--unadorned except for, in front, an amply proportioned, usually erect, and sometimes arrestingly protrusive penis and scrotum. Scholars tell us that such decorations were apotropaic (you learn a lot of vocabulary in this field)--that is, intended to ward off evil, and that folks back then paid no more attention to them than we would to a lucky horseshoe. Maybe. All I'm saying is, stuff that even now we'd consider hard-core porn you saw then just walking down to the Piraeus.Q2s财富国际

在古典社会中，对勃起阴茎的描绘雕塑每天都能看到。古希腊有个常见的界碑和家庭图腾物叫herm，源于神Hermes的象征。它就是由一个头和一个方形柱子组成——像你的超大号Pez糖果盒——一个朴素而毫无装饰的，除了在前方有个匀称的，通常是勃起的，有时甚至引人注目地凸出的阴茎和睾丸。学者们告诉我们这种装饰叫apotropaic（你在这个领域学到了不少词儿）——这话儿是用来驱邪的，而且那时的人们不会比起我们今天对幸运马蹄铁更大惊小怪。也许，我想说的就是，这些你今天在硬核色情片里才能看到的东西，那时候就在朝着去比雷埃夫斯（雅典港口）的路上溜达着呢。Q2s财富国际

The ancients were also unembarrassed by graphic displays of sex. Greek men--to be precise, male Greek aristocrats--figured if it moved, they could have sex with it, or at least look at pictures about having sex with it. We have countless examples of crockery showing various combinations of humans, deities, and the occasional animal engaged in the amatory act, most of it presumably used as party favors to put the lads in the mood. Even in painterly scenes having nothing to do with sex the genitalia were often conspicuously displayed.Q2s财富国际

希腊人同样对春宫图完全不害羞。希腊男人——准确来说，男性希腊贵族们——认为会动的东西就能干，至少看看这种图是没问题的。我们有数不清的陶器描绘着不同的组合，人类，半神，有时候连动物都加入进来的性爱场面，它们大部分像摆派对小礼物般弄了一堆燃了的小伙子。即使在和性没啥关系的场景里鸡鸡们还是拔群地出现了。Q2s财富国际

From this vast array of XXX-rated artwork we can make a few deductions about Greek aesthetic preferences, genitaliawise (here I mainly follow Kenneth Dover's landmark study Greek Homosexuality, 1978): (1) Long, thick penises were considered--at least in the highbrow view-- grotesque, comic, or both and were usually found on fertility gods, half-animal critters such as satyrs, ugly old men, and barbarians. A circumcised penis was particularly gross. (2) The ideal penis was small, thin, and covered with a long, tapered foreskin. Dover thinks the immature male's equipment was especially admired, which may account not only for the small size but the scarcity of body hair in classical art. A passage from Aristophanes sums up the most desirable masculine features: "a gleaming chest, bright skin, broad shoulders, tiny tongue, strong buttocks, and a little prick."Q2s财富国际

从这些XXX级的艺术品中，我们可以得到一个关于希腊的美学倾向推断，杰宝化（这里我主要追随了Kenneth Dover的里程碑著作研究，希腊同性恋，1978年）：（1）长，粗的阴茎被认为——至少在高雅的观点看来——是奇形怪状，滑稽或者两者都有的，通常会用在丰收之神，半兽人例如萨提尔，丑陋的老男人和野蛮人身上。一个切过包皮的阴茎是有些粗俗的。（2）一个理想的阴茎是小，细，覆盖着长长的锥形的包皮。Dover认为未成年男性的阴茎那会儿特别被赞美，不止要小还要没有毛。一段阿里斯托芬的引文归纳了最吸引人的男性体征：“微微反光的胸膛，光洁的皮肤，宽阔的肩膀，纤细的舌头，强壮的臀部，还有一个小鸡鸡。”Q2s财富国际

You're thinking: How times have changed. Ain't arguing. Of course, we do have to take into account a contributing factor: artists' models were nude, and their studios lacked central heat.Q2s财富国际

你可能在想：时代变了。毫无疑问。当然我们也必须考虑到这样一个因素：那时艺术家们的模特儿都是裸体的，而他们工作室里可没有地暖。Q2s财富国际

— Cecil AdamsQ2s财富国际

参考：Q2s财富国际

The Straight Dope: Why does so much ancient Greek art feature males with small genitalia?
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The Renaissance
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Human penis size 这个条目太好玩了Q2s财富国际

Central heating 夜明前的琉璃色提醒的古希腊地暖Q2s财富国际

HypocaustQ2s财富国际