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九一八事变后张学良本还有机会翻盘重新夺回东北

发布日期：2017-11-14 来源：财富国际 阅读：

tdK财富国际

tdK财富国际

1931

年nián的de九jiǔ一yī八bā事shì变biàn,是shì日rì本běn侵qīn华huá战zhàn争zhēng的de开kāi始shǐ,也yě是shì第dì二èr次cì世shì界jiè大dà战zhàn的de开kāi始shǐ,由yóu此cǐ揭jiē开kāi了le世shì界jiè反fǎn法fǎ西xī斯sī战zhàn争zhēng东dōng方fāng主zhǔ战zhàn场chǎng的de序xù幕mù。 提tí起qǐ九jiǔ一yī八bā,人rén们men往wǎng往wǎng想xiǎng到dào的de就jiù是shì东dōng北běi军jun1放fàng弃qì抵dǐ抗kàng拱gǒng手shǒu让ràng出chū东dōng北běi大dà好hǎo河hé山shān,其qí实shí在zài九jiǔ一yī八bā之zhī后hòu,张zhāng学xué良liáng还hái是shì有yǒu机jī会huì可kě以yǐ翻fān盘pán,重zhòng新xīn夺duó回huí对duì东dōng北běi的de控kòng制zhì权quán。 tdK财富国际

　 　 日rì本běn一yī直zhí觊jì觎yú东dōng北běitdK财富国际

1905

年nián,日rì本běn在zài日rì俄é战zhàn争zhēng中zhōng胜shèng利lì,取qǔ得dé中zhōng国guó旅lǚ顺shùn、 大dà连lián等děng地dì的de租zū借jiè权quán和hé长zhǎng春chūn-旅lǚ顺shùn的de铁tiě路lù(也yě就jiù是shì所suǒ谓wèi的de南nán满mǎn铁tiě路lù)及jí附fù属shǔ设shè施shī。 随suí后hòu,日rì本běn成chéng立lì“ 南nán满mǎn洲zhōu铁tiě道dào株zhū式shì会huì社shè” ,负fù责zé南nán满mǎn铁tiě路lù的de经jīng营yíng和hé管guǎn理lǐ。 不bú久jiǔ,日rì本běn又yòu将jiāng辽liáo东dōng半bàn岛dǎo改gǎi名míng关guān东dōng州zhōu,在zài旅lǚ顺shùn设shè立lì关guān东dōng都dōu督dū府fǔ,下xià设shè民mín政zhèng部bù和hé陆lù军jun1部bù。 1919年nián日rì本běn在zài关guān东dōng都dōu督dū府fǔ陆lù军jun1部bù的de基jī础chǔ上shàng,成chéng立lì关guān东dōng军jun1司sī令lìng部bù,下xià辖xiá1个gè师shī团tuán、 6个gè独dú立lì守shǒu备bèi大dà队duì、 旅lǚ顺shùn重zhòng炮pào大dà队duì和hé宪xiàn兵bīng队duì等děng部bù队duì,主zhǔ要yào就jiù是shì保bǎo护hù日rì本běn在zài辽liáo东dōng半bàn岛dǎo的de殖zhí民mín权quán益yì以yǐ及jí南nán满mǎn铁tiě路lù的de设shè备bèi。 tdK财富国际

1927

年nián6月yuè,时shí任rèn日rì本běn首shǒu相xiàng的de田tián中zhōng义yì一yī主zhǔ持chí召zhào开kāi“ 东dōng方fāng会huì议yì” ,确què立lì了le“ 把bǎ满mǎn洲zhōu从cóng中zhōng国guó本běn土tǔ分fèn裂liè出chū来lái,自zì成chéng一yī区qū,置zhì日rì本běn势shì力lì之zhī下xià” 的de侵qīn略luè方fāng针zhēn,并bìng提tí出chū臭chòu名míng昭zhāo著zhe的de《 对duì华huá政zhèng策cè纲gāng要yào》 (即jí田tián中zhōng奏zòu折shé):“ 欲yù征zhēng服fú中zhōng国guó,必bì先xiān征zhēng服fú满mǎn蒙méngtdK财富国际

欲yù征zhēng服fú世shì界jiè,必bì先xiān征zhēng服fú中zhōng国guó” ,对duì东dōng北běi地dì区qū的de侵qīn略luè野yě心xīn已yǐ经jīng是shì昭zhāo然rán若ruò揭jiē。 

<rb>九</rb><rt>jiǔ</rt><rb>一</rb><rt>yī</rt><rb>八</rb><rt>bā</rt><rb>事</rb><rt>shì</rt><rb>变</rb><rt>biàn</rt><rb>后</rb><rt>hòu</rt><rb>张</rb><rt>zhāng</rt><rb>学</rb><rt>xué</rt><rb>良</rb><rt>liáng</rt><rb>本</rb><rt>běn</rt><rb>还</rb><rt>hái</rt><rb>有</rb><rt>yǒu</rt><rb>机</rb><rt>jī</rt><rb>会</rb><rt>huì</rt><rb>翻</rb><rt>fān</rt><rb>盘</rb><rt>pán</rt><rb>重</rb><rt>zhòng</rt><rb>新</rb><rt>xīn</rt><rb>夺</rb><rt>duó</rt><rb>回</rb><rt>huí</rt><rb>东</rb><rt>dōng</rt><rb>北</rb><rt>běi</rt>tdK财富国际

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东dōng北běi军jun1阀fá张zhāng作zuò霖lín早zǎo年nián曾céng与yǔ日rì本běn有yǒu过guò合hé作zuò关guān系xì,但dàn他tā在zài借jiè助zhù日rì本běn势shì力lì的de支zhī持chí下xià统tǒng一yī东dōng北běi后hòu,反fǎn而ér开kāi始shǐ反fǎn对duì日rì本běn在zài东dōng北běi的de渗shèn透tòu,因yīn此cǐ日rì本běn关guān东dōng军jun1于yú1928年nián6月yuè发fā起qǐ皇huáng姑gū屯tún事shì件jiàn,将jiāng张zhāng作zuò霖lín乘chéng坐zuò的de列liè车chē炸zhà毁huǐ,张zhāng作zuò霖lín重zhòng伤shāng不bú治zhì身shēn亡wáng。 tdK财富国际

日rì本běn希xī望wàng造zào成chéng东dōng北běi群qún龙lóng无wú首shǒu的de局jú面miàn,借jiè机jī染rǎn指zhǐ东dōng北běi。 但dàn张zhāng作zuò霖lín的de儿ér子zǐ张zhāng学xué良liáng不bú但dàn很hěn快kuài控kòng制zhì住zhù了le局jú面miàn,并bìng在zài1928年nián12月yuè29日rì宣xuān布bù服fú从cóng南nán京jīng国guó民mín政zhèng府fǔ,改gǎi用yòng南nán京jīng政zhèng府fǔ的de青qīng天tiān白bái日rì旗qí,史shǐ称chēng“ 东dōng北běi易yì帜zhì” 。 至zhì此cǐ,北běi洋yáng军jun1阀fá在zài中zhōng国guó的de历lì史shǐ宣xuān告gào结jié束shù,南nán京jīng国guó民mín政zhèng府fǔ在zài形xíng式shì上shàng“ 统tǒng一yī” 了le全quán国guó。 tdK财富国际

<rb>九</rb><rt>jiǔ</rt><rb>一</rb><rt>yī</rt><rb>八</rb><rt>bā</rt><rb>事</rb><rt>shì</rt><rb>变</rb><rt>biàn</rt><rb>后</rb><rt>hòu</rt><rb>张</rb><rt>zhāng</rt><rb>学</rb><rt>xué</rt><rb>良</rb><rt>liáng</rt><rb>本</rb><rt>běn</rt><rb>还</rb><rt>hái</rt><rb>有</rb><rt>yǒu</rt><rb>机</rb><rt>jī</rt><rb>会</rb><rt>huì</rt><rb>翻</rb><rt>fān</rt><rb>盘</rb><rt>pán</rt><rb>重</rb><rt>zhòng</rt><rb>新</rb><rt>xīn</rt><rb>夺</rb><rt>duó</rt><rb>回</rb><rt>huí</rt><rb>东</rb><rt>dōng</rt><rb>北</rb><rt>běi</rt>tdK财富国际

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随suí后hòu,张zhāng学xué良liáng进jìn一yī步bù对duì日rì本běn采cǎi取qǔ不bú合hé作zuò的de态tài度dù,特tè别bié是shì在zài南nán满mǎn铁tiě路lù附fù近jìn建jiàn设shè新xīn的de铁tiě路lù,并bìng以yǐ低dī廉lián的de价jià格gé与yǔ南nán满mǎn铁tiě路lù竞jìng争zhēng,使shǐ南nán满mǎn铁tiě路lù陷xiàn入rù经jīng营yíng危wēi机jī。 这zhè些xiē引yǐn起qǐ日rì本běn关guān东dōng军jun1的de强qiáng烈liè不bú满mǎn,甚shèn至zhì开kāi始shǐ考kǎo虑lǜ采cǎi取qǔ军jun1事shì行háng动dòng来lái确què保bǎo在zài东dōng北běi的de特tè权quán。 tdK财富国际

1929

年nián,美měi国guó爆bào发fā有yǒu史shǐ以yǐ来lái最zuì严yán重zhòng的de经jīng济jì危wēi机jī,并bìng迅xùn速sù波bō及jí全quán世shì界jiè,日rì本běn经jīng济jì也yě受shòu到dào很hěn大dà的de影yǐng响xiǎng。 到dào1931年nián,日rì本běn经jīng济jì已yǐ经jīng陷xiàn入rù极jí端duān困kùn难nán的de境jìng地dì,并bìng引yǐn起qǐ政zhèng治zhì危wēi机jī。 在zài内nèi外wài交jiāo困kùn情qíng况kuàng下xià,日rì本běn法fǎ西xī斯sī势shì力lì便biàn策cè划huá冲chōng破pò第dì一yī次cì世shì界jiè大dà战zhàn结jié束shù后hòu所suǒ形xíng成chéng的de华huá盛shèng顿dùn体tǐ系xì对duì日rì本běn的de束shù缚fù,发fā动dòng一yī场chǎng对duì外wài战zhàn争zhēng,既jì可kě以yǐ转zhuǎn移yí国guó内nèi矛máo盾dùn,又yòu可kě以yǐ得dé到dào资zī源yuán和hé市shì场chǎng的de战zhàn争zhēng红hóng利lì,中zhōng国guó东dōng北běi自zì然rán就jiù是shì最zuì理lǐ想xiǎng的de目mù标biāo。 tdK财富国际

　 　 张zhāng学xué良liáng本běn来lái可kě以yǐ翻fān盘pán,然rán而ér… … tdK财富国际

1931

年nián9月yuè18日rì深shēn夜yè22时shí20分fèn左zuǒ右yòu,日rì本běn关guān东dōng军jun1铁tiě路lù守shǒu备bèi队duì柳liǔ条tiáo湖hú分fèn遣qiǎn队duì在zài奉fèng天tiān(今jīn沈shěn阳yáng)北běi面miàn约yuē7500米mǐ处chù的de南nán满mǎn铁tiě路lù柳liǔ条tiáo湖hú段duàn引yǐn爆bào炸zhà药yào,炸zhà毁huǐ了le一yī小xiǎo段duàn铁tiě路lù,并bìng将jiāng3具jù身shēn穿chuān东dōng北běi军jun1士shì兵bīng服fú装zhuāng的de中zhōng国guó人rén尸shī体tǐ放fàng在zài现xiàn场chǎng,诬wū称chēng中zhōng国guó军jun1队duì破pò坏huài南nán满mǎn铁tiě路lù并bìng袭xí击jī日rì军jun1守shǒu备bèi队duì,并bìng以yǐ此cǐ为wéi借jiè口kǒu,进jìn攻gōng中zhōng国guó军jun1队duì驻zhù地dì北běi大dà营yíng。 tdK财富国际

坐zuò镇zhèn沈shěn阳yáng的de东dōng北běi边biān防fáng军jun1司sī令lìng长zhǎng官guān公gōng署shǔ中zhōng将jiāng参cān谋móu长zhǎng荣róng臻zhēn根gēn据jù张zhāng学xué良liáng的de指zhǐ示shì,命mìng令lìng东dōng北běi军jun1“ 不bú准zhǔn抵dǐ抗kàng” 。 因yīn此cǐ北běi大dà营yíng的de8000名míng守shǒu军jun1竟jìng被bèi只zhī有yǒu300人rén的de日rì军jun1击jī溃kuì。 同tóng时shí,关guān东dōng军jun1第dì2师shī团tuán第dì3旅lǚ团tuán第dì29联lián队duì进jìn攻gōng奉fèng天tiān,至zhì9月yuè19目mù10时shí,日rì军jun1先xiān后hòu攻gōng占zhàn奉fèng天tiān、 四sì平píng、 营yíng口kǒu、 凤fèng凰huáng城chéng、 安ān东dōng等děng18座zuò城chéng镇zhèn。 tdK财富国际


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当dāng时shí东dōng北běi军jun1在zài东dōng北běi有yǒu正zhèng规guī军jun116.5万wàn人rén、 非fēi正zhèng规guī军jun14万wàn人rén,总zǒng共gòng约yuē20万wàn人rén。 但dàn大dà都dōu集jí中zhōng在zài从cóng山shān海hǎi关guān到dào辽liáo河hé的de北běi宁níng路lù沿yán线xiàn及jí中zhōng东dōng路lù沿yán线xiàn,在zài东dōng北běi腹fù地dì以yǐ及jí与yǔ朝cháo鲜xiān接jiē壤rǎng的de地dì区qū只zhī有yǒu约yuē2.3万wàn人rén。 而ér日rì军jun1在zài东dōng北běi的de关guān东dōng军jun1正zhèng规guī部bù队duì有yǒu1.5万wàn余yú人rén,另lìng外wài有yǒu在zài乡xiāng军jun1人rén和hé警jǐng察chá等děng非fēi正zhèng规guī部bù队duì约yuē1万wàn余yú人rén,总zǒng兵bīng力lì约yuē2.7万wàn人rén,基jī本běn都dōu部bù署shǔ在zài南nán满mǎn铁tiě路lù沿yán线xiàn。 对duì比bǐ双shuāng方fāng的de兵bīng力lì和hé部bù署shǔ可kě知zhī,中zhōng国guó方fāng面miàn在zài面miàn对duì突tū发fā情qíng况kuàng时shí就jiù处chù在zài很hěn不bú利lì的de状zhuàng态tài。 tdK财富国际

由yóu于yú张zhāng学xué良liáng在zài1930年nián的de中zhōng原yuán大dà战zhàn中zhōng出chū兵bīng支zhī持chí蒋jiǎng介jiè石shí,帮bāng助zhù蒋jiǎng介jiè石shí最zuì终zhōng赢yíng得dé这zhè场chǎng战zhàn争zhēng,因yīn此cǐ被bèi委wěi以yǐ陆lù海hǎi空kōng军jun1副fù总zǒng司sī令lìng的de高gāo位wèi,节jiē制zhì辽liáo、 吉jí、 黑hēi、 晋jìn、 察chá、 热rè、 绥suí、 冀jì八bā省shěng军jun1队duì,不bú但dàn是shì东dōng北běi,就jiù连lián华huá北běi的de北běi平píng、 天tiān津jīn、 青qīng岛dǎo三sān市shì及jí河hé北běi、 察chá哈hā尔ěr两liǎng省shěng的de军jun1政zhèng大dà权quán都dōu是shì张zhāng学xué良liáng一yī手shǒu掌zhǎng管guǎn,所suǒ以yǐ九jiǔ一yī八bā事shì变biàn时shí张zhāng学xué良liáng身shēn在zài北běi平píng的de陆lù海hǎi空kōng军jun1副fù总zǒng司sī令lìng行háng营yíng,并bìng不bú在zài东dōng北běi。 tdK财富国际

但dàn是shì即jí便biàn在zài9月yuè20日rì,沈shěn阳yáng及jí四sì平píng、 营yíng口kǒu等děng城chéng镇zhèn相xiàng继jì沦lún陷xiàn后hòu,张zhāng学xué良liáng依yī然rán还hái有yǒu翻fān盘pán的de机jī会huì。 他tā迅xùn速sù将jiāng东dōng北běi边biān防fáng军jun1司sī令lìng长zhǎng官guān公gōng署shǔ从cóng北běi平píng迁qiān到dào锦jǐn州zhōu,直zhí接jiē指zhǐ挥huī在zài锦jǐn州zhōu和hé辽liáo河hé一yī线xiàn的de约yuē20万wàn东dōng北běi军jun1主zhǔ力lì。 此cǐ时shí,黑hēi龙lóng江jiāng省shěng的de正zhèng规guī军jun11.5万wàn和hé非fēi正zhèng规guī部bù队duì1.8万wàn,正zhèng在zài马mǎ占zhàn山shān的de领lǐng导dǎo下xià坚jiān持chí抗kàng击jī日rì军jun1tdK财富国际

吉jí林lín省shěng的de正zhèng规guī军jun1也yě有yǒu约yuē3.5万wàn人rén在zài李lǐ杜dù、 丁dīng超chāo等děng人rén的de领lǐng导dǎo下xià抵dǐ抗kàng日rì军jun1的de侵qīn略luè。 就jiù连lián东dōng边biān道dào镇zhèn守shǒu使shǐ于yú祉zhǐ山shān这zhè样yàng的de大dà汉hàn奸jiān,当dāng时shí也yě在zài首shǒu鼠shǔ两liǎng端duān— — 同tóng时shí和hé日rì本běn人rén、 张zhāng学xué良liáng联lián络luò,观guān察chá形xíng势shì发fā展zhǎn,以yǐ便biàn决jué定dìng自zì己jǐ的de最zuì终zhōng选xuǎn择zé。 因yīn此cǐ虽suī然rán日rì本běn关guān东dōng军jun11931年nián底dǐ占zhàn领lǐng了le一yī些xiē城chéng镇zhèn,但dàn远yuǎn远yuǎn谈tán不bú上shàng完wán全quán控kòng制zhì东dōng北běi。 

<rb>九</rb><rt>jiǔ</rt><rb>一</rb><rt>yī</rt><rb>八</rb><rt>bā</rt><rb>事</rb><rt>shì</rt><rb>变</rb><rt>biàn</rt><rb>后</rb><rt>hòu</rt><rb>张</rb><rt>zhāng</rt><rb>学</rb><rt>xué</rt><rb>良</rb><rt>liáng</rt><rb>本</rb><rt>běn</rt><rb>还</rb><rt>hái</rt><rb>有</rb><rt>yǒu</rt><rb>机</rb><rt>jī</rt><rb>会</rb><rt>huì</rt><rb>翻</rb><rt>fān</rt><rb>盘</rb><rt>pán</rt><rb>重</rb><rt>zhòng</rt><rb>新</rb><rt>xīn</rt><rb>夺</rb><rt>duó</rt><rb>回</rb><rt>huí</rt><rb>东</rb><rt>dōng</rt><rb>北</rb><rt>běi</rt>tdK财富国际

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日rì本běn内nèi部bù也yě有yǒu不bú同tóng意yì见jiàn。 日rì本běn陆lù军jun1的de最zuì高gāo指zhǐ挥huī机jī关guān参cān谋móu本běn部bù就jiù不bú同tóng意yì在zài东dōng北běi大dà举jǔ出chū手shǒu,所suǒ以yǐ连lián下xià四sì道dào命mìng令lìng,要yào求qiú关guān东dōng军jun1返fǎn回huí原yuán来lái驻zhù地dì。 日rì本běn政zhèng界jiè更gèng是shì不bú少shǎo人rén把bǎ关guān东dōng军jun1这zhè种zhǒng擅shàn自zì行háng动dòng的de“ 下xià克kè上shàng” 行háng为wéi认rèn为wéi是shì“ 叛pàn逆nì” 。 就jiù是shì在zài关guān东dōng军jun1内nèi部bù也yě有yǒu一yī部bù分fèn人rén只zhī希xī望wàng占zhàn领lǐng根gēn据jù有yǒu关guān条tiáo约yuē即jí将jiāng于yú1932年nián租zū借jiè到dào期qī的de旅lǚ顺shùn和hé大dà连lián地dì区qū,也yě就jiù是shì“ 关guān东dōng州zhōu” ,而ér不bú是shì吞tūn并bìng整zhěng个gè东dōng北běi。 tdK财富国际

关guān东dōng军jun1当dāng时shí所suǒ面miàn临lín的de局jú面miàn可kě以yǐ说shuō是shì内nèi外wài交jiāo困kùn。 锦jǐn州zhōu的de20万wàn东dōng北běi军jun1不bú可kě能néng再zài会huì像xiàng沈shěn阳yáng北běi大dà营yíng那nà样yàng打dǎ不bú还hái手shǒu了le,而ér且qiě关guān东dōng军jun1的de行háng动dòng到dào目mù前qián为wéi止zhǐ,都dōu没méi有yǒu得dé到dào正zhèng式shì的de批pī准zhǔn和hé命mìng令lìng。 一yī旦dàn开kāi打dǎ,只zhī要yào有yǒu一yī星xīng半bàn点diǎn的de失shī败bài,就jiù会huì立lì刻kè激jī化huà内nèi部bù矛máo盾dùn,那nà就jiù真zhēn的de难nán以yǐ收shōu拾shí了le。 所suǒ以yǐ关guān东dōng军jun1从cóng当dāng年nián10月yuè到dào1932年nián初chū的de几jǐ个gè月yuè时shí间jiān里lǐ对duì锦jǐn州zhōu也yě只zhī派pài飞fēi机jī轰hōng炸zhà,没méi有yǒu真zhēn正zhèng派pài部bù队duì展zhǎn开kāi进jìn攻gōng。 从cóng这zhè点diǎn上shàng也yě可kě以yǐ看kàn出chū关guān东dōng军jun1当dāng时shí所suǒ面miàn对duì的de局jú面miàn也yě是shì相xiàng当dāng棘jí手shǒu。 tdK财富国际

要yào是shì这zhè时shí,张zhāng学xué良liáng能néng率lǜ东dōng北běi军jun1主zhǔ力lì组zǔ织zhī反fǎn击jī,再zài加jiā上shàng马mǎ占zhàn山shān、 李lǐ杜dù等děng部bù在zài侧cè后hòu的de呼hū应yīng,取qǔ得dé一yī两liǎng场chǎng战zhàn斗dòu的de胜shèng利lì完wán全quán是shì在zài情qíng理lǐ之zhī中zhōng,这zhè些xiē胜shèng利lì完wán全quán可kě能néng导dǎo致zhì关guān东dōng军jun1面miàn对duì无wú法fǎ收shōu拾shí残cán局jú的de情qíng况kuàng,从cóng而ér实shí现xiàn大dà翻fān盘pán的de可kě能néng。 tdK财富国际

但dàn是shì,谁shuí都dōu没méi有yǒu想xiǎng到dào,张zhāng学xué良liáng居jū然rán会huì在zài1932年nián1月yuè2日rì完wán全quán放fàng弃qì锦jǐn州zhōu,率lǜ部bù撤chè回huí关guān内nèi!1月yuè3日rì,日rì本běn关guān东dōng军jun1兵bīng不bú血xuè刃rèn占zhàn领lǐng锦jǐn州zhōu,日rì本běn国guó内nèi军jun1内nèi所suǒ有yǒu的de反fǎn对duì声shēng也yě随suí之zhī一yī风fēng吹chuī散sàn,因yīn为wéi胜shèng利lì者zhě是shì不bú受shòu指zhǐ责zé的de!tdK财富国际

放fàng弃qì锦jǐn州zhōu是shì个gè大dà昏hūn招zhāotdK财富国际

历lì来lái人rén们men关guān注zhù的de都dōu是shì九jiǔ一yī八bā事shì变biàn中zhōng沈shěn阳yáng的de不bú抵dǐ抗kàng,但dàn从cóng史shǐ料liào来lái看kàn,蒋jiǎng介jiè石shí是shì否fǒu曾céng经jīng下xià过guò不bú抵dǐ抗kàng的de命mìng令lìng还hái有yǒu争zhēng议yì,相xiàng关guān证zhèng据jù只zhī是shì孤gū证zhèng,算suàn不bú上shàng确què凿záo。 要yào知zhī道dào当dāng时shí张zhāng学xué良liáng对duì东dōng北běi军jun1是shì有yǒu绝jué对duì控kòng制zhì权quán的de,退tuì一yī步bù说shuō就jiù算suàn是shì有yǒu南nán京jīng的de不bú抵dǐ抗kàng命mìng令lìng,他tā要yào下xià令lìng抵dǐ抗kàng,东dōng北běi军jun1肯kěn定dìng是shì服fú从cóng指zhǐ挥huī。 所suǒ以yǐ张zhāng学xué良liáng难nán辞cí其qí咎jiù。 tdK财富国际

但dàn不bú可kě否fǒu认rèn,张zhāng学xué良liáng之zhī所suǒ以yǐ采cǎi取qǔ不bú抵dǐ抗kàng政zhèng策cè,和hé以yǐ蒋jiǎng介jiè石shí为wéi首shǒu的de南nán京jīng国guó民mín政zhèng府fǔ一yī贯guàn对duì日rì政zhèng策cè的de大dà环huán境jìng是shì分fèn不bú开kāi的de。 在zài此cǐ前qián的de济jì南nán事shì变biàn、 中zhōng村cūn事shì件jiàn、 万wàn宝bǎo山shān事shì件jiàn等děng中zhōng日rì纠jiū纷fēn中zhōng,南nán京jīng国guó民mín政zhèng府fǔ都dōu采cǎi取qǔ息xī事shì宁níng人rén的de立lì场chǎng,不bú惜xī以yǐ满mǎn足zú日rì本běn的de要yào求qiú来lái换huàn取qǔ事shì件jiàn的de平píng息xī。 从cóng蒋jiǎng介jiè石shí到dào张zhāng学xué良liáng对duì突tū然rán爆bào发fā的de九jiǔ一yī八bā事shì变biàn都dōu缺quē乏fá足zú够gòu清qīng醒xǐng准zhǔn确què的de判pàn断duàn,依yī然rán还hái是shì延yán续xù既jì定dìng方fāng针zhēn,这zhè无wú疑yí对duì于yú张zhāng学xué良liáng最zuì后hòu采cǎi取qǔ不bú抵dǐ抗kàng政zhèng策cè是shì有yǒu很hěn大dà影yǐng响xiǎng的de,即jí使shǐ蒋jiǎng介jiè石shí没méi有yǒu明míng令lìng,他tā同tóng样yàng有yǒu不bú可kě推tuī卸xiè的de责zé任rèn。 tdK财富国际


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tdK财富国际

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如rú果guǒ说shuō九jiǔ一yī八bā还hái是shì突tū发fā事shì件jiàn,判pàn断duàn和hé应yīng对duì出chū现xiàn失shī误wù还hái有yǒu点diǎn原yuán由yóu,但dàn是shì丢diū失shī锦jǐn州zhōu则zé实shí在zài令lìng人rén难nán以yǐ理lǐ解jiě。 tdK财富国际

从cóng九jiǔ一yī八bā到dào锦jǐn州zhōu失shī守shǒu差chà不bú多duō有yǒu三sān个gè半bàn月yuè的de时shí间jiān,当dāng时shí的de东dōng北běi军jun1无wú论lùn是shì训xùn练liàn还hái是shì装zhuāng备bèi,在zài中zhōng国guó的de各gè路lù地dì方fāng军jun1队duì中zhōng都dōu是shì一yī流liú水shuǐ准zhǔn,但dàn没méi有yǒu什shí么me反fǎn攻gōng沈shěn阳yáng的de主zhǔ动dòng行háng动dòng。 tdK财富国际

此cǐ后hòu,南nán京jīng政zhèng府fǔ觉jiào察chá日rì军jun1将jiāng进jìn犯fàn锦jǐn州zhōu,急jí令lìng中zhōng国guó驻zhù国guó联lián代dài表biǎo施shī肇zhào基jī于yú1931年nián11月yuè25日rì向xiàng国guó联lián提tí出chū划huá锦jǐn州zhōu为wéi中zhōng立lì区qū的de提tí议yì。 12月yuè2日rì,国guó民mín党dǎng政zhèng府fǔ就jiù通tōng知zhī英yīng、 法fǎ、 美měi三sān国guó的de公gōng使shǐ说shuō:它tā同tóng意yì把bǎ自zì己jǐ的de军jun1队duì撤chè出chū锦jǐn州zhōu和hé山shān海hǎi关guān,但dàn是shì有yǒu一yī个gè条tiáo件jiàn,即jí日rì本běn要yào提tí出chū使shǐ法fǎ、 英yīng、 美měi三sān国guó满mǎn意yì的de保bǎo证zhèng,即jí要yào求qiú三sān国guó保bǎo证zhèng中zhōng立lì区qū的de安ān全quán。 tdK财富国际

锦jǐn州zhōu有yǒu东dōng北běi军jun1的de东dōng大dà营yíng,战zhàn备bèi物wù资zī和hé指zhǐ挥huī机jī关guān一yī应yīng俱jù全quán。 锦jǐn州zhōu以yǐ北běi是shì狭xiá长zhǎng的de锦jǐn西xī走zǒu廊láng,两liǎng侧cè都dōu是shì山shān地dì,日rì军jun1来lái攻gōng,大dà部bù队duì难nán以yǐ展zhǎn开kāi。 锦jǐn州zhōu以yǐ南nán则zé是shì山shān海hǎi关guān,可kě以yǐ作zuò为wéi防fáng守shǒu锦jǐn州zhōu的de坚jiān固gù后hòu盾dùn。 但dàn南nán京jīng政zhèng府fǔ却què想xiǎng以yǐ锦jǐn州zhōu中zhōng立lì换huàn国guó联lián支zhī持chí。 tdK财富国际

<rb>九</rb><rt>jiǔ</rt><rb>一</rb><rt>yī</rt><rb>八</rb><rt>bā</rt><rb>事</rb><rt>shì</rt><rb>变</rb><rt>biàn</rt><rb>后</rb><rt>hòu</rt><rb>张</rb><rt>zhāng</rt><rb>学</rb><rt>xué</rt><rb>良</rb><rt>liáng</rt><rb>本</rb><rt>běn</rt><rb>还</rb><rt>hái</rt><rb>有</rb><rt>yǒu</rt><rb>机</rb><rt>jī</rt><rb>会</rb><rt>huì</rt><rb>翻</rb><rt>fān</rt><rb>盘</rb><rt>pán</rt><rb>重</rb><rt>zhòng</rt><rb>新</rb><rt>xīn</rt><rb>夺</rb><rt>duó</rt><rb>回</rb><rt>huí</rt><rb>东</rb><rt>dōng</rt><rb>北</rb><rt>běi</rt>tdK财富国际

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既jì然rán准zhǔn备bèi这zhè样yàng解jiě决jué,锦jǐn州zhōu自zì然rán不bú容róng有yǒu失shī。 时shí任rèn外wài交jiāo部bù代dài理lǐ部bù长zhǎng、 与yǔ张zhāng学xué良liáng私sī人rén关guān系xì密mì切qiē的de著zhe名míng外wài交jiāo家jiā顾gù维wéi钧jun1于yú11月yuè23日rì致zhì电diàn张zhāng学xué良liáng:“ 弟dì意yì锦jǐn州zhōu一yī隅yú如rú可kě保bǎo全quán,则zé日rì人rén尚shàng有yǒu所suǒ顾gù忌jì,否fǒu则zé东dōng省shěng全quán归guī掌zhǎng握wò,彼bǐ于yú独dú立lì运yùn动dòng及jí建jiàn设shè新xīn政zhèng权quán等děng阴yīn谋móu必bì又yòu猛měng进jìn,关guān系xì东dōng省shěng存cún亡wáng甚shèn巨jù。 是shì以yǐ锦jǐn州zhōu一yī带dài地dì方fāng,如rú能néng获huò各gè国guó援yuán助zhù以yǐ和hé平píng方fāng法fǎ保bǎo存cún,固gù属shǔ万wàn幸xìng。 万wàn一yī无wú效xiào,只zhī能néng运yùn用yòng自zì国guó实shí力lì以yǐ图tú保bǎo守shǒu,与yǔ今jīn晨chén外wài委wěi会huì讨tǎo论lùn众zhòng意yì佥qiān同tóng。 顷qǐng见jiàn蒋jiǎng主zhǔ席xí熟shú商shāng,亦yì如rú此cǐ主zhǔ张zhāng。 ” 29日rì,顾gù维wéi钧jun1和hé宋sòng子zǐ文wén联lián名míng致zhì电diàn张zhāng学xué良liáng:“ 如rú日rì方fāng无wú理lǐ可kě喻yù,率lǜ队duì来lái攻gōng,仍réng请qǐng吾wú兄xiōng当dāng机jī立lì断duàn,即jí以yǐ实shí力lì防fáng御yù。 ” tdK财富国际

锦jǐn州zhōu中zhōng立lì案àn曝pù光guāng后hòu,遭zāo到dào各gè界jiè人rén士shì和hé学xué生shēng群qún起qǐ反fǎn对duì,国guó民mín政zhèng府fǔ外wài交jiāo部bù于yú1931年nián12月yuè4日rì被bèi迫pò急jí电diàn施shī肇zhào基jī声shēng明míng放fàng弃qì中zhōng立lì案àn,同tóng时shí还hái表biǎo示shì:日rì军jun1如rú进jìn攻gōng锦jǐn州zhōu,中zhōng方fāng将jiāng实shí行háng自zì卫wèi。 tdK财富国际

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月yuè8日rì,蒋jiǎng介jiè石shí致zhì电diàn张zhāng学xué良liáng:“ 锦jǐn州zhōu军jun1队duì此cǐ时shí勿wù撤chè退tuì。 否fǒu则zé,外wài启qǐ友yǒu邦bāng之zhī轻qīng视shì,内nèi遭zāo人rén民mín之zhī责zé备bèi,外wài交jiāo因yīn此cǐ愈yù陷xiàn绝jué境jìng,将jiāng何hé辞cí以yǐ自zì解jiě。 ” 言yán辞cí之zhī严yán厉lì,前qián所suǒ未wèi有yǒu,但dàn从cóng文wén字zì来lái看kàn,外wài交jiāo考kǎo虑lǜ仍réng在zài里lǐ面miàn占zhàn了le相xiàng当dāng大dà的de分fèn量liàng。 在zài1937年nián的de淞sōng沪hù会huì战zhàn中zhōng,蒋jiǎng介jiè石shí仍réng旧jiù以yǐ“ 外wài交jiāo” 为wéi第dì一yī出chū发fā点diǎn,考kǎo虑lǜ战zhàn略luè问wèn题tí。 tdK财富国际

为wéi了le增zēng强qiáng张zhāng学xué良liáng固gù守shǒu锦jǐn州zhōu的de信xìn心xīn,蒋jiǎng介jiè石shí和hé宋sòng子zǐ文wén还hái提tí议yì可kě以yǐ派pài空kōng军jun1和hé中zhōng央yāng嫡dí系xì部bù队duì、 税shuì警jǐng部bù队duì等děng前qián来lái增zēng援yuán,并bìng都dōu归guī张zhāng学xué良liáng统tǒng一yī指zhǐ挥huī,甚shèn至zhì还hái提tí出chū可kě以yǐ给gěi予yǔ东dōng北běi军jun1军jun1费fèi援yuán助zhù。 tdK财富国际

但dàn是shì,国guó民mín政zhèng府fǔ的de前qián后hòu反fǎn复fù,不bú可kě能néng对duì张zhāng学xué良liáng的de判pàn断duàn毫háo无wú影yǐng响xiǎng。 即jí使shǐ派pài遣qiǎn援yuán兵bīng,也yě非fēi朝cháo夕xī可kě至zhì。 至zhì于yú军jun1费fèi,从cóng军jun1阀fá混hún战zhàn期qī间jiān蒋jiǎng的de表biǎo现xiàn来lái看kàn,完wán全quán可kě能néng是shì口kǒu头tóu支zhī票piào。 因yīn此cǐ,一yī切qiē的de有yǒu利lì条tiáo件jiàn都dōu没méi能néng坚jiān定dìng张zhāng学xué良liáng的de信xìn心xīn,最zuì后hòu他tā还hái是shì选xuǎn择zé弃qì城chéng而ér退tuì,甚shèn至zhì连lián象xiàng征zhēng性xìng地dì打dǎ一yī下xià都dōu没méi有yǒu。 tdK财富国际

后hòu来lái张zhāng学xué良liáng曾céng经jīng谈tán及jí放fàng弃qì锦jǐn州zhōu的de原yuán因yīn,一yī是shì没méi有yǒu中zhōng央yāng支zhī持chí,怕pà打dǎ不bú赢yíngtdK财富国际

二èr是shì怕pà自zì己jǐ的de部bù队duì在zài作zuò战zhàn中zhōng的de损sǔn失shī得dé不bú到dào补bǔ充chōng— — 之zhī前qián的de中zhōng东dōng路lù冲chōng突tū不bú就jiù是shì这zhè样yàng吗ma?在zài有yǒu枪qiāng就jiù是shì草cǎo头tóu王wáng的de年nián代dài,这zhè可kě是shì最zuì重zhòng要yào的de了le。 


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tdK财富国际

tdK财富国际

随suí着zhe张zhāng学xué良liáng在zài锦jǐn州zhōu的de不bú战zhàn而ér退tuì,东dōng北běi局jú势shì也yě就jiù雨yǔ打dǎ风fēng吹chuī花huā落luò去qù,再zài也yě无wú法fǎ挽wǎn回huí了le。 日rì军jun1随suí即jí转zhuǎn兵bīng向xiàng北běi,马mǎ占zhàn山shān的de部bù队duì既jì失shī去qù了le精jīng神shén上shàng的de支zhī持chí,又yòu失shī去qù实shí际jì上shàng军jun1事shì策cè应yīng的de可kě能néng,终zhōng于yú被bèi日rì军jun1击jī溃kuì。 东dōng北běi各gè地dì其qí他tā自zì发fā的de抗kàng日rì武wǔ装zhuāng也yě失shī去qù了le对duì政zhèng府fǔ的de信xìn任rèn,士shì气qì迅xùn速sù瓦wǎ解jiě,更gèng不bú提tí有yǒu效xiào指zhǐ挥huī和hé协xié调diào,很hěn快kuài也yě被bèi日rì军jun1各gè个gè击jī破pò。 东dōng北běi三sān省shěng128万wàn平píng方fāng公gōng里lǐ领lǐng土tǔ,相xiàng当dāng于yú日rì本běn国guó土tǔ的de3.5倍bèi,3000多duō万wàn人rén民mín都dōu落luò入rù了le日rì军jun1手shǒu中zhōng。 tdK财富国际

同tóng时shí,恐kǒng日rì动dòng摇yáo的de情qíng绪xù也yě在zài东dōng北běi军jun1内nèi部bù弥mí漫màn,以yǐ至zhì于yú在zài此cǐ后hòu的de热rè河hé抗kàng战zhàn和hé长zhǎng城chéng抗kàng战zhàn中zhōng,东dōng北běi军jun1各gè部bù毫háo无wú斗dòu志zhì,争zhēng先xiān逃táo跑pǎo。 在zài锦jǐn州zhōu不bú战zhàn而ér撤chè给gěi予yǔ东dōng北běi军jun1自zì身shēn巨jù大dà的de心xīn理lǐ打dǎ击jī,最zuì直zhí接jiē的de恶è果guǒ就jiù等děng于yú是shì自zì废fèi武wǔ功gōng。 tdK财富国际

日rì本běn方fāng面miàn,关guān东dōng军jun1“ 下xià克kè上shàng” 吞tūn并bìng整zhěng个gè东dōng北běi的de行háng为wéi取qǔ得dé了le完wán全quán胜shèng利lì,这zhè进jìn一yī步bù激jī发fā了le日rì本běn法fǎ西xī斯sī分fèn子zǐ坚jiān持chí侵qīn略luè路lù线xiàn的de疯fēng狂kuáng野yě心xīn。 日rì本běn人rén的de性xìng格gé,在zài干gàn一yī件jiàn事shì情qíng最zuì初chū的de阶jiē段duàn是shì典diǎn型xíng的de“ 高gāo高gāo抬tái起qǐ,轻qīng轻qīng落luò下xià” ,小xiǎo心xīn翼yì翼yì,试shì探tàn性xìng质zhì很hěn强qiáng,可kě一yī旦dàn得dé手shǒu,就jiù立lì刻kè进jìn入rù癫diān狂kuáng的de兴xìng奋fèn状zhuàng态tài,开kāi始shǐ不bú顾gù一yī切qiē地dì冒mào进jìn蛮mán干gàn。 之zhī前qián的de甲jiǎ午wǔ战zhàn争zhēng、 之zhī后hòu的de偷tōu袭xí珍zhēn珠zhū港gǎng,无wú一yī不bú是shì如rú此cǐ。 正zhèng是shì由yóu于yú九jiǔ一yī八bā事shì变biàn轻qīng松sōng得dé手shǒu,日rì本běn军jun1国guó主zhǔ义yì对duì侵qīn略luè中zhōng国guó也yě进jìn入rù疯fēng狂kuáng状zhuàng态tài,并bìng在zài六liù年nián后hòu发fā动dòng了le卢lú沟gōu桥qiáo事shì变biàn,最zuì终zhōng全quán面miàn侵qīn华huá战zhàn争zhēng爆bào发fā,也yě将jiāng自zì己jǐ拖tuō入rù了le对duì华huá作zuò战zhàn的de大dà泥ní潭tán。 tdK财富国际

<rb>九</rb><rt>jiǔ</rt><rb>一</rb><rt>yī</rt><rb>八</rb><rt>bā</rt><rb>事</rb><rt>shì</rt><rb>变</rb><rt>biàn</rt><rb>后</rb><rt>hòu</rt><rb>张</rb><rt>zhāng</rt><rb>学</rb><rt>xué</rt><rb>良</rb><rt>liáng</rt><rb>本</rb><rt>běn</rt><rb>还</rb><rt>hái</rt><rb>有</rb><rt>yǒu</rt><rb>机</rb><rt>jī</rt><rb>会</rb><rt>huì</rt><rb>翻</rb><rt>fān</rt><rb>盘</rb><rt>pán</rt><rb>重</rb><rt>zhòng</rt><rb>新</rb><rt>xīn</rt><rb>夺</rb><rt>duó</rt><rb>回</rb><rt>huí</rt><rb>东</rb><rt>dōng</rt><rb>北</rb><rt>běi</rt>tdK财富国际

tdK财富国际

日rì本běn侵qīn略luè吞tūn并bìng中zhōng国guó的de野yě心xīn暴bào露lùtdK财富国际

东dōng北běi的de沦lún陷xiàn,土tǔ地dì、 人rén民mín和hé资zī源yuán的de损sǔn失shī,就jiù暂zàn且qiě不bú说shuō了le,在zài军jun1事shì上shàng最zuì直zhí接jiē的de就jiù是shì当dāng时shí号hào称chēng亚yà洲zhōu最zuì大dà的de兵bīng工gōng厂chǎng— — 沈shěn阳yáng兵bīng工gōng厂chǎng也yě落luò入rù日rì军jun1之zhī手shǒu,有yǒu步bù枪qiāng约yuē15万wàn支zhī、 子zǐ弹dàn约yuē300万wàn发fā、 迫pò击jī炮pào约yuē600门mén、 炮pào弹dàn约yuē40万wàn发fā,山shān、 野yě、 重zhòng炮pào约yuē250门mén,炮pào弹dàn约yuē10万wàn发fā,火huǒ药yào约yuē40万wàn磅páng全quán部bù成chéng为wéi日rì军jun1战zhàn利lì品pǐn。 此cǐ后hòu,沈shěn阳yáng兵bīng工gōng厂chǎng更gèng是shì成chéng为wéi日rì军jun1最zuì重zhòng要yào的de军jun1火huǒ基jī地dì,八bā年nián抗kàng战zhàn中zhōng日rì军jun1侵qīn华huá部bù队duì70%的de武wǔ器qì弹dàn药yào都dōu是shì由yóu沈shěn阳yáng兵bīng工gōng厂chǎng生shēng产chǎn的de!1944年nián遭zāo到dào美měi军jun1大dà规guī模mó空kōng袭xí前qián,沈shěn阳yáng兵bīng工gōng厂chǎng每měi月yuè可kě生shēng产chǎn步bù枪qiāng6000支zhī、 轻qīng机jī枪qiāng80挺tǐng、 重zhòng机jī枪qiāng50挺tǐng、 75毫háo米mǐ野yě炮pào约yuē20门mén、 75毫háo米mǐ步bù兵bīng炮pào约yuē8门mén、 75毫háo米mǐ高gāo射shè炮pào约yuē8门mén、 37毫háo米mǐ平píng射shè炮pào约yuē40门mén、 81毫háo米mǐ迫pò击jī炮pào约yuē20门mén… … 这zhè些xiē每měi月yuè生shēng产chǎn的de步bù兵bīng武wǔ器qì及jí其qí弹dàn药yào就jiù可kě以yǐ装zhuāng备bèi日rì军jun12个gè步bù兵bīng旅lǚ团tuán(相xiàng当dāng于yú中zhōng国guó军jun1队duì的de1个gè师shī)和hé1个gè炮pào兵bīng联lián队duì。 从cóng九jiǔ一yī八bā事shì变biàn后hòu到dào1944年nián,仅jǐn步bù枪qiāng一yī项xiàng就jiù生shēng产chǎn了le约yuē90万wàn支zhī,相xiàng当dāng于yú日rì军jun190个gè师shī团tuán的de装zhuāng备bèi数shù量liàng!tdK财富国际

这zhè场chǎng事shì变biàn进jìn一yī步bù暴bào露lù了le日rì本běn侵qīn略luè吞tūn并bìng中zhōng国guó的de野yě心xīn,向xiàng全quán国guó人rén民mín敲qiāo响xiǎng了le警jǐng钟zhōng,“ 中zhōng华huá民mín族zú到dào了le最zuì危wēi险xiǎn的de时shí候hòu!” 越yuè来lái越yuè成chéng为wéi中zhōng国guó人rén的de共gòng识shí。 在zài民mín族zú危wēi机jī感gǎn逐zhú步bù加jiā深shēn的de过guò程chéng中zhōng,民mín族zú责zé任rèn感gǎn也yě在zài迅xùn速sù提tí高gāo,广guǎng大dà民mín众zhòng和hé各gè界jiè人rén士shì开kāi始shǐ以yǐ各gè种zhǒng形xíng式shì积jī极jí投tóu身shēn于yú抗kàng日rì救jiù亡wáng运yùn动dòng。 tdK财富国际

南nán京jīng国guó民mín政zhèng府fǔ也yě终zhōng于yú意yì识shí到dào和hé日rì本běn的de战zhàn争zhēng将jiāng无wú法fǎ避bì免miǎn,全quán国guó民mín众zhòng要yào求qiú抗kàng日rì的de民mín意yì也yě是shì相xiàng当dāng强qiáng烈liè,如rú果guǒ再zài继jì续xù对duì日rì妥tuǒ协xié,很hěn可kě能néng会huì引yǐn起qǐ民mín众zhòng甚shèn至zhì军jun1队duì的de反fǎn对duì,因yīn此cǐ在zài“ 围wéi剿jiǎo” 共gòng产chǎn党dǎng之zhī余yú,开kāi始shǐ加jiā紧jǐn备bèi战zhàn,强qiáng化huà落luò实shí修xiū建jiàn国guó防fáng工gōng事shì和hé公gōng路lù铁tiě路lù、 采cǎi购gòu武wǔ器qì装zhuāng备bèi、 整zhěng训xùn部bù队duì等děng等děng措cuò施shī。 tdK财富国际

国guó民mín党dǎng和hé共gòng产chǎn党dǎng是shì当dāng时shí中zhōng国guó的de两liǎng大dà政zhèng党dǎng,九jiǔ一yī八bā事shì变biàn后hòu,民mín族zú危wēi机jī日rì益yì深shēn重zhòng,民mín族zú团tuán结jié日rì益yì增zēng强qiáng。 但dàn遗yí憾hàn的de是shì,要yào直zhí到dào1936年nián,被bèi逼bī着zhe打dǎ内nèi战zhàn的de张zhāng学xué良liáng发fā动dòng西xī安ān事shì变biàn,才cái最zuì终zhōng促cù成chéng国guó共gòng两liǎng党dǎng的de再zài次cì合hé作zuò。 丢diū失shī东dōng北běi的de少shǎo帅shuài也yě算suàn是shì将jiāng功gōng补bǔ过guò,而ér蒋jiǎng介jiè石shí重zhòng视shì“ 国guó际jì援yuán助zhù” 的de思sī维wéi惯guàn性xìng却què还hái将jiāng继jì续xù多duō年nián… … (光guāng亭tíng)tdK财富国际

免miǎn责zé声shēng明míng:以yǐ上shàng内nèi容róng源yuán自zì网wǎng络luò,版bǎn权quán归guī原yuán作zuò者zhě所suǒ有yǒu,如rú有yǒu侵qīn犯fàn您nín的de原yuán创chuàng版bǎn权quán请qǐng告gào知zhī,我wǒ们men将jiāng尽jìn快kuài删shān除chú相xiàng关guān内nèi容róng。 tdK财富国际
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