美国历史及的奴隶主是哪处理年老或病残导致失去劳动能力的娃子的？

我觉得在这个问题上，谁都不如黑奴有发言权。来看看他们写的一些回忆录。首先是查尔斯·鲍尔（Charles Ball）的《为奴五十年》（Fifty Years in Chains）：vBy财富国际

After the flight of my father, my grandfather was the only person left in Maryland with whom I could claim kindred. He was an old man, nearly eighty years old, he said, and he manifested all the fondness for me that I could expect from one so old. He was feeble, and his master required but little work from him. He always expressed contempt for his fellow-slaves, for when young, he was an African of rank in his native land. He had a small cabin of his own, with half an acre of ground attached to it, which he cultivated on his own account, and from which he drew a large share of his sustenance.

我爸逃亡后，我爷爷成了我在马里兰州唯一的亲人。他是个快80岁的老人，从他那里我得到了我所希望的那种长辈的疼爱。爷爷非常虚弱，主人也不要求他干许多活。爷爷年轻的时候在非洲的部落里很有地位，到了美国也看不起其他的奴隶。他有一间小木屋，还有半亩地，他自己种自己吃。他基本就靠这块地糊口了。

亨利·克莱·布鲁斯（Henry Clay Bruce）的《为奴二十九年，自由二十九年》（ Twenty-Nine Years a Slave. Twenty-Nine Years a Free Man ）：vBy财富国际

During the crop season in Virginia, slave men and women worked in the fields daily, and such females as had sucklings were allowed to come to them three times a day between sun rise and sun set, for the purpose of nursing their babes, who were left in the care of an old woman, who was assigned to the care of these children because she was too old or too feeble for field work. Such old women usually had to care for, and prepare the meals of all children under working age. They were furnished with plenty of good, wholesome food by the master, who took special care to see that it was properly cooked and served to them as often as they desired it. On very large plantations there were many such old women, who spent the remainder of their lives caring for children of younger women.

在维吉尼亚州的收获季节里，男女黑奴每天都要在田里干活，哺乳期的女奴可以每天休息三次，给小孩哺乳。照顾这些小孩们的是一个老女奴，因为身体虚弱，干不动农活，所以被主人安排来照顾孩子。像她这样的老女奴，通常都要照顾还没到工作年龄的小孩，给他们做饭。主人给她们提供不少好的、健康的食品，还特意来检查，看她们是不是按照要求去做饭了。在大型种植园里，有许多这样的老女奴，余生都在照顾年轻女奴的小孩。

弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（Frederick Douglass）的《弗雷德里克·道格拉斯讲述为奴生涯》（Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave）：vBy财富国际

Very soon after my return to Baltimore……Master Andrew died. Now all the property of my old master, slaves included, was in the hands of strangers, strangers who had nothing to do with accumulating it. Not a slave was left free. All remained slaves, from the youngest to the oldest. If any one thing in my experience, more than another, served to deepen my conviction of the infernal character of slavery, and to fill me with unutterable loathing of slaveholders, it was their base ingratitude to my poor old grandmother. She had served my old master faithfully from youth to old age. She had been the source of all his wealth ; she had peopled his plantation with slaves ; she had become a great-grandmother in his service. She had rocked him in infancy, attended him in childhood, served him through life, and at his death wiped from his icy brow the cold death-sweat, and closed his eyes for ever. She was nevertheless left a slave in the hands of strangers ; and in their hands she saw her children, her grandchildren, and her great-grandchildren divided, like so many sheep, without being gratified with the small privilege of a single word as to their or her own destiny.

当我回到巴尔的摩的时候……主人安德鲁死了。所有我旧主人的财产，包括黑奴，全都到了毫不相干的别人的手里。不论老的还是少的，没有一个黑奴被解放了。如果说有什么让黑人奴隶制度z成为我心目中的炼狱，有什么让我对奴隶主充满了仇恨，那就是我奶奶可怜的遭遇。她为我的旧主人忠诚地奉献了一生；她是他所有财富的来源；她生下的黑奴充满了种植园；她像他真正的祖母一样为他服务。她给他摇摇篮，照顾他长大，在他成年后伺候他，在他死后给他合眼睛。结果呢，她现在只是别人手里的一个普通奴隶，眼睁睁地看着子子孙孙像牲口一样被转手倒卖，无能为力。

And to cap the climax of their base ingratitude and fiendish barbarity, my grandmother, who was now very old, having outlived my old master and all his children, having seen the beginning and end of all of them, and her present owners finding she was of but little value, her frame already racked with the pains of old age, and complete helplessness fast stealing over her once active limbs, they took her to the woods, built her a little hut, put up a little mud chimney, and then made her welcome to the privilege of supporting herself there in perfect loneliness ; thus virtually turning her out to die !

作为他们毫无感恩和毫不掩饰的野蛮戏码的高潮，我年迈的，活得比旧主人还长，见证了他们一家一家从出生到死亡的奶奶，被新主人认为毫无价值了。她的尊严随着苦痛的岁月而消逝，她曾经强健的肢体也被绝望所占据了。他们把奶奶带进了森林里，给她搭了个小棚子，用泥砌了个烟囱，让她在那里好好享受一个人自力更生的乐趣。就这样，她被丢在那儿等死了！

摩西·格兰迪（Moses Grandy）的《摩西·格兰迪讲述为奴生涯》（Narrative of the Life of Moses Grandy, Late a Slave in the United States of America）：vBy财富国际

MacPherson gave the same task to each slave; of course the weak ones often failed to do it. I have often seen him tie up persons and flog them in the morning, only because they were unable to get the previous day's task done: after they were flogged, pork or beef brine was put on their bleeding backs, to increase the pain; he sitting by resting himself, and seeing it done. After being thus flogged and pickled, the sufferers often remained tied up all day, the feet just touching the ground, the legs tied, and pieces of wood put between the legs. All the motion allowed was a slight turn of the neck. Thus exposed and helpless, the yellow flies and mosquitoes in great numbers would settle on the bleeding and smarting back, and put the sufferer to extreme torture. This continued all day, for they were not taken down till night.

麦克弗森先生给所有黑奴安排的工作量都是一样的，当然啦，那些体弱的黑奴是完不成的。我经常看见他早上把没完成前一天任务的黑奴捆起来抽打。在抽打完之后，他把在盐水里泡过的猪肉或者牛肉放在黑奴流血的后背上，增加他们的痛苦。他就坐在一边，欣赏黑奴痛苦的样子。被这样折磨一番之后，黑奴会被捆一整天，脚只能勉强够着地，腿也被捆着，两腿间夹着一块木头。除了稍微转转脑袋之外一点儿都动不了。黄蝇和蚊子都聚集过来，叮咬黑奴流血、刺痛的后背，加剧了痛苦。直到晚上他们才被放下来。

In flogging, MacPherson would sometimes tie the slave's shirt over his head, that he might not flinch when the blow was coming: sometimes he would increase his misery, by blustering and calling out that he was coming to flog again, which he did or did not, as happened. I have seen him flog slaves with his own hands, till their entrails were visible; and I have seen the sufferers dead when they were taken down. He never was called to account in any way for it.

抽打黑奴的时候，麦克弗森有时会把黑奴的衬衫脱下来，蒙在他的头上。这样黑奴看不见他下手，就不会躲了。为了更加折磨黑奴，他大叫着要抽打了，但是有时候打，有时候不打。我见过他亲自抽打黑奴，打得他们肠子都流出来才停手。我也见过被解下来就已经死了的黑奴。麦克弗森从没因为这种事被惩罚过。

It is not uncommon for flies to blow the sores made by flogging. In that case, we get a strong weed growing in those parts, called the Oak of Jerusalem; we boil it at night, and wash the sores with the liquor, which is extremely bitter: on this, the creepers or maggots come out. To relieve them in some degree after severe flogging, their fellow-slaves rub their backs with part of their little allowance of fat meat.

苍蝇经常会来吸黑奴被打出来的脓血。我们那有一种劲儿特别大的大麻，叫“耶路撒冷橡树”。我们晚上用煮过大麻叶子的水清洗脓血，蛆虫全都从伤口里往外钻，真是别提多难受了。为了让受刑的同伴好受些，黑奴们拿出用他们仅有的一点儿带油的肉摩擦后背。