This is a lot to include in one question. The brief answer is:
A1, A2: Your understanding is correct, but there are more things to consider.
A3: You cannot say "wanting".
B: There are a few ways to say this, but none in the original question are right.
C: Use a noun before "_____-related".
D: I don't understand. Please provide an example.
Here is the thorough answer:
A1, A2: You understanding is right.
However, for A2, you can say:
"I really like the cars the company produced."
to avoid using the passive voice, which is better, because it's more direct.
A3: Want is a static verb so it cannot be used in the with the "-ing" ending. Some other static verbs are "believe", "wish", "love", and "hate".
B1: You can't say this because "quantity" should be singular. (There is only one amount of goods transported by road.) You can use "quantity" or "amount":
- The quantity of goods transported by road was twice the amount of that transported by water.
- The amount of goods transported by road was twice the amount transported by water.
B2: You can't say this because you need a noun between "of" and "by". I would change it to:
- The goods transported by road were twice the amount of those transported by water.
C: It should be "illness-related habits" because if you want to use "___-related", you must use a noun before "related". For example, "do-related" doesn't make sense but "action-related does make sense. Also, I assume you mean "habits one has when one is sick". More context would be helpful if you need a better answer for this.
D: I'm sorry, I don't understand the question. It would be helpful if you gave an example.
I hope this is helpful.
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栗子 8分钟前 0条评论1. Dependent clauses, which begin with connecting words such as who or because, cannot stand alone as sentences.
2. Because she studied hard, she earned a good score on the test.
以上两个句子的划线部分才是从句因为它们有独立的主谓宾结构。
I really like the company producing the cars.这两个句子中并没有从句出现。
I really like the cars produced by the company.
你所举得几个例子都是V-ing或者V-ed形式作为修饰词(Modifier)。V-ing和V-ed做Modifier分为两种情况。一种是Adj-Modifier (定语成分)，另外一种是Adv-modifier (状语成分)。
Adj-Modifier只能修饰名词代词比如:
The CAT owned by Sue is playful.
own本身是一个动词，在这里变成过去分词形式修饰Cat，表示这个猫是属于Sue的。你可能会问为什么要用own的过去分词形式。因为这个猫是被Sue拥有，The cat is owned by Sue. 所以Own在修饰cat的时候要变成过去分词的形式。
再举个例子：
The cat sleeping on the rug belongs to Sue.
sleeping变成现在分词修饰cat。为什么用现在分词形式呢？因为The cat is sleeping on the rug。猫在地摊上睡觉是一种主动情况所以用现在分词。
再举个例子：
The girl playing soccer is my sister.
注意：你的Adj-modifier必须尽量贴近你所要修饰的名词或者代词否则会引发歧义。
第二种情况是V-ing，V-ed作为Adv-modifier。通常V-ing或者V-ed做adv-modifier修饰与其靠近的句子。
举几个例子：
The engineer fixed the problem, earning himself a promotion.
划线部分就是v-ed做adv-modifier修饰之前的句子。当工程师修复了问题之后发生了什么？他给自己赢得了一次升职。主语这里的earning必须用逗号和主句隔开
Exhilarated by the successful product launch, the team celebrated after work.
划线部分修饰后面的整个句子，为什么团队在工作后要庆祝？因为他们对于产品的成功发行非常激动。同样也需要用逗号把它和主句隔开。
这个句子也可以改写为：The team celebrated after work because it was exhilarated by the successful product launch. 用从句的方式来表达。
这种出现在句首用逗号将主句隔开的adv-modifier叫做Opening Modifier，这个modifier的动作的发出者必须是主句的主语。比如上面这个句子exhilarated的发出者一定是主句的主语team。
再看一个错误的例子：
Happy about his raise, Bill's celebration included taking his friends out to dinner.
划线部分同样也是一个adv-modifier。这里的Happy是指的Bill而不是Bill's celebration。Bill's celebration也不能happy。这种错误称之为悬垂结构。
可能有些地方说的不是很清楚但是差不多就是这样了。
妈的再也不回答这种问题了，写了也没人看。 伯牙 8分钟前 0条评论
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